Ladislaus Joseph von Meduna (1896-1964), Hungarian
psychiatrist who immigrated to the United
States in the 1930s and introduced a "treatment" consisting of inducing convulsive
seizures with a drug called
Metrazol. His socalled "
Metrazol shock therapy," was largely replaced by electroshock therapy, which was invented by one of Meduna's former associates, Italian
psychiatrist Ugo Cerletti (1877-1963).