of or having to do with Babylonia, an ancient empire in southwest Asia in what is now central Iraq. Babylonia flourished ca. 2100 - 689 b.c., and again ca. 625 - 538 b.c. as Chaldea or "New Babylonia." See also Chaldea in this glossary.of or having to do with Babylonia, an ancient empire which was located in southwest Asia and flourished from 2100 - 538 b.c.